Japanese encephalitis is a disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus.

How Does Japanese Encephalitis Spread?

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease, with the *Culex tritaeniorhynchus* mosquito being the primary vector. When mosquitoes bite birds or pigs carrying the virus, they become infected. These infected mosquitoes can then transmit the Japanese encephalitis virus to humans through subsequent bites.

Regions Where Japanese Encephalitis Is Prevalent

Japanese encephalitis is primarily prevalent in rural and suburban areas of Asia and the Western Pacific region.

Symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis

The incubation period for Japanese encephalitis ranges from 4 to 14 days. Most infected individuals show no noticeable symptoms, typically experiencing only mild symptoms such as fever or headache. However, in severe cases, patients can develop symptoms rapidly, including:

• High fever
• Severe headache
• Confusion
• Neck stiffness
• Coma
• Seizures
• Paralysis

Severity of Japanese Encephalitis

For patients exhibiting severe symptoms, the mortality rate can be as high as 30%. Even among those who recover, 20% to 30% may experience permanent intellectual, behavioral, or neurological issues, such as paralysis, recurrent seizures, or speech impairment.

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: An Effective Way to Prevent Infection

To effectively prevent Japanese encephalitis, consider vaccination with the Japanese encephalitis vaccine (日本腦炎疫苗). The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is safe and effective, and it is currently available for administration in Hong Kong.

Who Should Consider Getting the Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine?

• Individuals planning to travel to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic, especially rural regions, and expecting to stay for 1 month or longer.
• Travelers planning a short-term trip (less than a month) during the disease transmission season, particularly if they will spend most of their time in rural areas engaging in outdoor or nighttime activities.

Conclusion

Japanese encephalitis is a disease that can lead to severe consequences. Vaccination with the Japanese encephalitis vaccine (日本腦炎疫苗) is an effective way to prevent infection. If you are planning to travel to regions where Japanese encephalitis is prevalent, consult a doctor to learn more about the Japanese encephalitis vaccine.